Happiness Pie Chart: What Really Matters?

“Three primary factors influencing the chronic happiness level” (Lyubomirsky et al. 2005, p.116)

In 2005 top positive psychology researchers — Lyubomirsky, Sheldon, and Schkade — proposed a relativity simple model of what determines happiness.

The researchers broke down the chart below — Circumstance refers to broader, external conditions surrounding life. Think income, living conditions, access to goods, etc. Set Point refers to genetic predisposition or the approximate level we are wired to fall into holding all else equal. Finally, the Intentional Activity piece refers to conscious efforts we can make to increase our well-being.

For the last 15 years, this framework has been the oft-quoted standard for determining happiness. Today, the general principle that intention is a key factor in improving happiness remains supported; however, the size of each ‘pie slice’ has changed. The last decade of research has shown that 40% intention is likely an over estimate. In fact, a study found that activity-based effects only accounted for 15% of variation in well-being (Klug & Maier, 2015). Only 15% of happiness is under our control? This seems discouraging — but there’s a catch.

These studies included large numbers of participants who were selected by researchers. Those who self-selected to take part in…